1. Despite recent advances in studies on trade-offs between plant defence traits, little is known about whether trade-offs reflect i) evolutionary constraints at the species level or ii) allocation constraints at the individual level. Here, we ask...

Trap nests (eigth traps per plot; four traps each attached to a wooden post; located at two randomly selected corners the corners of the central 10 x 10 m subplot) were used to collect solitary bees and wasps in the CSPs. Abundance and species ric...

Soil chemical laboratory analyses of VIPs and selected plots on Site B. Cation exchange capacity, base saturation and soil fertility attributes of six depth increments per plot.

Soil chemical laboratory analyses of VIPs and selected plots on Site A. Cation exchange capacity, base saturation and soil fertility attributes of six depth increments per plot.

Plant functional traits, especially leaf traits, are accepted proxies for ecosystem properties. Typically, they are measured at the species level, neglecting within-species variation. While there is extensive knowledge about functional trait chang...

Soil chemical laboratory analyses of VIPs and VIPReps on Site A. Contents of carbon, nitrogen and sulphur as well as pH-values (in H2O and KCl) of five depth increments per plot.